But the specific Hadith #39 in some manuscripts is the famous narration of the embryo (Hadith of Ibn Mas‘ud): “The creation of each one of you is gathered in the womb of his mother for forty days...” concluding that one’s actions (whether of Paradise or Hellfire) are sealed by divine decree. Al-Bukhari uses this to assert that actions are created by Allah and predetermined in the eternal divine knowledge.
Determinists who believed humans have no free will or agency whatsoever, acting merely like feathers in the wind driven entirely by divine compulsion.
(the early generations of Muslims, including Companions and Followers) condemning the Jahmiyyah ideology. Salafi Bookstore UK Historical Significance khalq af 39-al al-ibad english pdf
The book was written during a period of intense theological debate in the 9th century regarding the nature of human actions and the Qur'an. Salafi Bookstore UK Refutation of the Jahmiyyah
In the 3rd Islamic century, the Mu‘tazilah school gained state patronage under the Abbasid Caliph al-Ma’mun. They argued that humans are the independent creators (khaliq) of their own actions. Their logic: if Allah created both belief and disbelief, how could He punish disbelief? But the specific Hadith #39 in some manuscripts
The title translates to "The Creation of the Acts of the Servants." In this book, Imam al-Bukhari argues that while human beings possess free will and perform actions, the actual creation or ultimate bringing-into-existence of those actions is performed by Allah.
Mentions the positions of earlier scholars regarding the Jahmiyyah and the ruling on their beliefs. (the early generations of Muslims, including Companions and
Universities with Islamic Studies departments (e.g., University of Leeds, King Saud University, UChicago) often digitize rare texts. Search their digital repository for: “خلق أفعال العباد” and download the metadata/English abstract.
For those looking to study the work via an English PDF translation, the book is typically structured into the following sections: