A summary of a research article that appears at the beginning of the document. Reading the abstract may help you decide if you want to read the full article.
A note, comment, or explanation. Can be added to citations to create annotated bibliographies.
A geographic information system (GIS) software developed by Esri. ArcGIS enables you to analyze, visualize, and interpret spatial data for better decision-making.
Written content on a narrow subject and published in a periodical or website. In some contexts, academics may use article as a shortened form of journal article.
A detailed list of resources cited in an article, book, or other publication. Also called a List of References.
A group of libraries in New England that work together to share resources with students, faculty, and staff of member libraries. Northeastern University is a member of this group. Requesting a consortium library card is free to Northeastern students.
A free library available to people who work, live or attend school in Massachusetts. Boston Public Library's collection includes physical and digital access to books, journals, and films.
A label of letters and/or numbers that tell you where the resource can be found in the library. Call numbers are displayed on print books and physical resources and correspond with a topic or subject area.
A list of all the items in a library's physical collection. Modern catalogs are searchable databases. Catalogs include information about the item's:
Also called a catalogue, OPAC. Historically a card catalog.
Software that can help you collect, organize, and cite sources. The library provides training on five specific citation managers: BibTeX, EndNote, Mendeley, RefWorks, and Zotero. Also called citation management software, citation management tool or reference manager.
Physical materials assigned by an instructor and held at the library. These materials are generally restricted to in-building use for a limited period. At faculty discretion, some materials may be checked out overnight or for a few days.
A searchable collection of similar items. Library databases include resources for research. Examples include: a newspaper database, such as Access World News, or a humanities scholarly journal database, such as JSTOR.
A searchable online storage space for video files, images, and documents. Specialized digital repositories collect materials related to a theme or institution.
Northeastern University Library manages the Digital Repository Service (DRS). The DRS collects digital material related to Northeastern University's history and academic work.
The conversion of print or analog material to a digital format. Examples of digitization include:
A paper written to fulfill requirements for a degree containing original research on a narrow topic. Also called a thesis.
A unique number assigned to some digital content. DOIs do not change even if the online location or ownership of the resource changes.
A digital version of a thesis or dissertation produced by a master's or Ph.D. student. Most theses and dissertations written by Northeastern University students are ETDs. Interested researchers can find Northeastern ETDs in the Digital Repository Service. Theses and dissertations written before 2007 are only available in print format in the Northeastern University Archives.
A broad category of research in which existing research is reviewed to clarify what is known. Evidence synthesis uses explicit and reproducible methods. Common types of evidence synthesis include systematic reviews, scoping reviews, integrative reviews, and umbrella reviews.
A computer-based means of storing, analyzing, and displaying geographic data. Researchers use Geographic Information Systems to create maps and charts.
A way of examining and interpreting data about geographic locations, or spatial data. Geospatial analysis examines spatial data to gain insights and identify patterns or trends. Also called geospacial analysis.
A government document shared to inform and start discussion about proposed policy.
Research or reports circulated outside of a traditional publication process. Types of grey literature include:
Also called gray literature.
The system Northeastern’s library uses for interlibrary loan requests. The first time you request materials, you’ll need to set up your account.
A library service that allows you to request resources your library does not have. At Northeastern University, this service is free. Materials are delivered electronically when possible.
A unique number used to identify books. Many databases and search engines allow you to search for a book using an ISBN.
An ongoing publication focused on current developments in a field. Journal issues are released on a regular schedule.
A unit of Northeastern’s library with responsibility for services or systems. Some departments are referred to by their acronyms:
A search setting that removes search results based on source attributes. Limiters vary by database but often include publication date, material type, and language. Also called: filter or facet.
Notes, comments, annotations, sketches, added to the margins of a text. These can be typed or hand-written. Marginalia can include headers, footnotes, and sidenotes. In some cases, marginalia are written by the author of a text, but is often notes made by a reader.
Information associated with a resource, usually organized in a specific way. The word metadata means "data about data".
Metadata varies but often includes title, creator, and format. Descriptive metadata makes it possible to find and identify resources in a collection. When the metadata in a collection is standardized, the predefined structure is called a metadata schema.
Research or data available for free. Open access resources are sometimes labeled with an unlocked padlock symbol. These resources often have permissive licenses that support re-use and sharing.
What is Open Access?
Words used to connect multiple search terms to bring back targeted results. Operators can be used to reduce or expand the number of search results. Operators include:
Also called: Boolean Operator.
Well-regarded review process used by some academic journals. Relevant experts review articles for quality and originality before publication. Articles reviewed using this process are called peer reviewed articles. Less often, these articles are called refereed articles.
A newspaper, magazine or journal that is published on a regular schedule.
A free and open-source Geographic Information System (GIS) application. This tool set enables you to capture, analyze, visualize, and share geographic data. QGIS is a Mac-friendly alternative to ArcGIS.
Data defined by a grid of equally sized cells, akin to pixels.
To transfer information from one format to another. Example: Scanning a paper newspaper to create an online or PDF version. Reformatting includes digitization.
A webpage or pages created by librarians to guide your research in a field or course. Research guides include links to resources, tutorials, and other information.
The removal of a published article from a journal. A journal’s editors or editorial board can decide to retract an article when it has serious errors. Errors that can result in retraction include:
A book or article written by academic researchers and published by an academic press or journal. Scholarly sources contain original research and commentary.
Common filetype (.shp) for points, lines, or polygons. This filetype is widely used in Geographic Information Systems, specifically ArcGIS. Various free shapefiles are available online.
To understand this phrase, it helps to break it down into two parts: the search operator and the URL parameter structure. 1. The inurl: Search Operator
. He added the quote mark. The page glitched, spitting out a database error. "Open door," Kaito whispered.
: The Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (PBS) offers the "7th Population & Housing Census 2023" report, which is the primary source for demographic data in Pakistan. Security Warning
An "id" parameter reduces identity to a number, but the number often points to a person, an idea, or a work. The reductive clarity of "1" helps us see how systems flatten complexity. In a database, user 1 is a row with fields; in life, user 1 might be a founder, a bot, or a placeholder. The difference between "id=1" and a name in a URL is the difference between abstraction and story.
: This stands for Identifier , another common parameter used to call specific data from a database. inurl pk id 1
Putting it together, "inurl pk id 1" asks a search engine to return pages whose URLs contain the terms pk, id, and 1 (in many engines this means those substrings appear somewhere in the URL). Users often combine inurl with other operators to find pages with specific parameter patterns like "?pk=1" or "?id=1".
If the website’s code is poorly written and fails to properly sanitize this input, an attacker can manipulate the URL. For example, they might change id=1 to id=1' (adding a single quote) or id=1 UNION SELECT . If the website displays a database error or behaves unexpectedly, the attacker knows the website is vulnerable to SQL injection. Through SQL injection, attackers can: Steal sensitive user data (passwords, credit card numbers). Bypass authentication screens to access admin panels. Modify, delete, or corrupt database contents. Gain full control over the underlying web server. The Risks to Website Owners
The attacker appends single quotes ( ' ), closed brackets, or boolean logic (e.g., AND 1=1 ) to the end of the parameters to see if the website throws a database syntax error or alters its visual output.
Securing web applications against these entry points requires implementing robust coding standards and architectural patterns. 1. Use Parameterized Queries To understand this phrase, it helps to break
Finally, "inurl pk id 1" can be read beyond code: it is a metaphor for how small prompts lead us into deeper stories. A single question often opens the first page of a larger narrative. In life, as on the web, tiny keys can unlock vast chambers. The skill is not merely in finding the lock but in deciding what to do once it opens.
SQL Injection occurs when an application takes user input from the URL parameter and passes it directly to the database without validation. If a site is vulnerable, an attacker can append malicious SQL commands to the URL.
This represents a specific string pattern commonly found in database-driven websites:
If you are worried that your website might be vulnerable, I can help you: on your URL. Review your code for SQL injection vulnerabilities. Provide secure, patched code examples. He added the quote mark
Limits results to a specific domain (e.g., site:example.com ).
Exposing database IDs in the URL is bad practice for both security and SEO (Search Engine Optimization). Modern web frameworks use routing engines to replace database IDs with human-readable "slugs." ://example.com Use: ://example.com
Why do security researchers hunt for inurl:pk id=1 ? The answer is . SQL Injection is consistently ranked as the number one threat in the OWASP Top 10 list of web application security risks.
Information tied to specific geographic locations or positions on the Earth's surface. Also known as “geospatial data”, GeoData, or spacial data.
Library staff who have expertise in an academic subject. A subject librarian can offer advice on:
Subject librarians are available to work with individuals and small groups. They create guides and tutorials and teach workshops.
A source focused on sharing news and information of interest to an industry. Trade publications are often published by industry associations. Periodicals related to an industry are called trade journals.
An unrepeated string of numbers and letters used to recognize and differentiate material. Also called an identification number. Examples include American citizen's’ social security numbers or published books' ISBNs. A persistent identifier (PID) is a long-lasting type of unique identifier. Persistent identifiers allow you to locate a resource with a URL. Examples include electronic articles' Digital Object Identifiers (DOI) and digital materials' handles.
The precise address for a webpage. URL stands for the words uniform resource locator.
A spatial model using coordinates for representing points, lines, and polygons.
A concise, researched report about a complex issue. Readers should gain enough understanding to solve a related problem or make a choice.
An article or conference proposal draft shared to invite feedback.