Fm 31 28 Fouo Special Forces Advanced Urban Combat 1 December 1999 25

While the full text of the 1999 draft remains difficult to find publicly due to its sensitive nature, its legacy and core principles are well-documented. FM 31-28 served as the official guide for the course, an intensive training program designed to reorient Green Berets from rural guerrilla warfare to high-stakes direct action in dense urban terrain.

Before conducting operations in an urban area, SF teams must conduct a thorough analysis of the terrain. This includes:

This document is classified FOUO and shall be destroyed by incineration or other approved methods after reading. Electronic copies shall be purged from all systems.

This field manual (FM) provides doctrine for Special Forces (SF) operations in urban environments. It builds on the foundation established in FM 31-20, Special Forces Operational Techniques, and provides guidance for SF personnel conducting advanced urban combat operations. While the full text of the 1999 draft

Use of night vision devices (NVDs), specialized weapons accessories, and tactical climbing gear. Classification and Distribution

Linear, donut, and strip charges using flexible linear explosives

If you want, I can:

FM 31-28 provided the necessary "tip of the spear" capabilities for Special Forces to engage in Direct Action operations in urban landscapes, distinguishing their skills from standard infantry units, which were later highlighted in the U.S. Army Special Forces Unconventional Warfare Doctrine analysis . FOUO Classification and Purpose

FM 31-28 was drafted specifically to address . While standard infantry manuals (like FM 90-10) focused on the destructive, block-by-block clearing of cities using heavy firepower, FM 31-28 focused on surgical precision, low-collateral damage, hostage rescue, and high-value target (HVT) interdiction. Core Pillars of Special Forces Advanced Urban Combat

Operators are trained to move rapidly through doorways—the most dangerous point in a room where enemy fire is concentrated. This includes: This document is classified FOUO and

Engaging targets from rooftops down to street level, or vice versa, accounting for unique ballistic deviations. 4. Urban Reconnaissance and Surveillance (R&S)

The lessons codified in FM 31-28 on 1 December 1999 served as the baseline doctrine for Special Operations Forces entering Iraq and Afghanistan in the early 2000s. Battles in cities like Fallujah, Ramadi, and later Mosul directly validated the critical importance of the advanced urban combat skills outlined in this manual.